| John Martin | | British, 1789–1854 |
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| 1834 | Oil on canvas | 66 1/4 x 101 3/4 inches (168.3 x 258.4 cm) |
John Martin’s art deals with themes of the sublime power of nature over man.
Martin believed that, at some point in the past, the sun, the moon, and a comet
collided, causing a massive flood that extinguished many forms of life on
earth. He shared this belief with the French naturalist Baron Georges
Cuvier, who is known to have seen The Deluge in Martin’s studio. In
addition to referencing this collision and the resulting cataclysmic
flood, The Deluge—with its drowning and ravaged figures scattered across
the canvas—also takes inspiration from the story of the flood in the first
book of the Bible, in which God punished man’s wickedness by destroying
nearly every living thing on earth. In the painting, Martin mingled
religion with science as well as Romantic literature, drawing inspiration
from Lord Byron’s drama Heaven and Earth (1821). When The Deluge was shown
at the Paris Salon in 1835, Martin’s painting was awarded a gold medal by
King Louis-Philippe.